Final Test – Computer Science

IT Documentation – Intelligent Conveyor System

Advanced software architecture and real-time control system for automated waste sorting.

Introduction

Context

In a world where sustainable waste management becomes a major issue for industrial cities, TEKBOT CITY aims to implement an innovative system to optimize waste sorting and valorization. Automated sorting, flow traceability and integration of digital tools are now essential to meet environmental, economic and regulatory requirements.

Vision and perspectives

The ambition of this project is to demonstrate how technological innovation can transform industrial waste management. In the short term, the objective is to implement a reliable, automated and connected system, capable of sorting different types of waste in real time.

Documentation approach

This documentation was designed to ensure transparency, reproducibility and continuous improvement of the project. It details each step of the design, from technical choices to development methods.

System description

General presentation

The intelligent conveyor system presented here is an innovative automated waste sorting solution, designed to meet the challenges of Industry 4.0 and sustainable development.

Sequence diagram – System operation

sequenceDiagram
    participant Operator as Operator
    participant Object as Waste (colored cube)
    participant PresenceSensor as Presence Sensor
    participant Conveyor as Conveyor
    participant ColorSensor as Color Sensor
    participant Microcontroller as Microcontroller
    participant WebInterface as Web Interface
    participant Collector as Collector

    Operator->>Object: Places waste on conveyor
    Object->>PresenceSensor: Passage detected
    PresenceSensor-->>Microcontroller: Presence signal
    Microcontroller->>Conveyor: Belt startup
    Conveyor->>Object: Transport to analysis zone
    Object->>ColorSensor: Arrival under sensor
    ColorSensor-->>Microcontroller: Color measurement
    Microcontroller->>WebInterface: Counter update
    Conveyor->>Object: Stop at end of path
    Collector->>Object: Collects waste

System objectives

Automatically detect the presence and color of objects
Classify and sort waste autonomously
Ensure complete traceability of operation
Provide a web supervision interface

System advantages

Automated, fast and reliable sorting
Adaptability to different types of waste
Reduction of manual interventions
Data collection and analysis

Intelligent detection

Color detection with TCS34725

The TCS34725 sensor is an electronic component capable of identifying the color of an object by analyzing the light it reflects. By decomposing this light into its components (red, green, blue), the sensor determines the dominant hue.

Arduino – Color detection with TCS34725

cpp

#include <Wire.h>
#include <Adafruit_TCS34725.h>
#include <Servo.h>

// Pin definitions
#define LASER_ENTRY_PIN 2
#define LDR_ENTRY_PIN A0
#define LASER_EXIT_PIN 3
#define LDR_EXIT_PIN A1
#define SERVO_SORT1_PIN 8
#define SERVO_SORT2_PIN 9

Adafruit_TCS34725 tcs = Adafruit_TCS34725();
Servo servoSort1;
Servo servoSort2;

void setup() {
    // Pin initialization
    pinMode(LASER_ENTRY_PIN, INPUT);
    pinMode(LDR_ENTRY_PIN, INPUT);
    pinMode(LASER_EXIT_PIN, INPUT);
    pinMode(LDR_EXIT_PIN, INPUT);
    
    // Servo initialization
    servoSort1.attach(SERVO_SORT1_PIN);
    servoSort2.attach(SERVO_SORT2_PIN);
    
    // Color sensor initialization
    if (tcs.begin()) {
        Serial.println("TCS34725 sensor detected!");
    }
    
    Serial.begin(9600);
}

void loop() {
    // Entry presence detection
    if (detectEntryPresence()) {
        activateConveyor();
        
        // Color detection
        String color = detectColor();
        sortObject(color);
        
        // Data transmission
        sendData(color, "RUNNING");
    }
    
    // Exit presence detection
    if (detectExitPresence()) {
        stopConveyor();
        sendData("NONE", "STOPPED");
    }
}

Presence detection with KY-008 + LDR

A presence sensor allows detecting if an object is in a given area. In our conveyor, we use a combination of KY-008 laser and photoresistor (LDR) to instantly detect the passage of objects.

Arduino – Presence detection

cpp

#define LASER_PIN 8
#define LDR_PIN A0
#define THRESHOLD 400

bool detectPresence(int ldrPin, int threshold, int nbValidations = 3) {
    int counter = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < nbValidations; i++) {
        int ldrValue = analogRead(ldrPin);
        if (ldrValue < threshold) {
            counter++;
        }
        delay(20);
    }
    return (counter == nbValidations);
}

void setup() {
    pinMode(LASER_PIN, OUTPUT);
    pinMode(LDR_PIN, INPUT);
    digitalWrite(LASER_PIN, HIGH);
}

void loop() {
    if (detectPresence(LDR_PIN, THRESHOLD)) {
        Serial.println("Presence confirmed!");
        // Action to perform
    }
    delay(100);
}

Conveyor automation

Automation architecture

The system architecture relies on embedded intelligence that controls the entire sorting process: detection, identification, orientation and tracking.

Arduino – Main code of the automated system

#include <Wire.h> #include <Adafruit_TCS34725.h> #include <Servo.h>

// Pin definitions #define LASER_ENTRY_PIN 2 #define LDR_ENTRY_PIN A0 #define LASER_EXIT_PIN 3 #define LDR_EXIT_PIN A1 #define SERVO_SORT1_PIN 8 #define SERVO_SORT2_PIN 9

Adafruit_TCS34725 tcs = Adafruit_TCS34725(); Servo servoSort1; Servo servoSort2;

void setup() { // Pin initialization pinMode(LASER_ENTRY_PIN, INPUT); pinMode(LDR_ENTRY_PIN, INPUT); pinMode(LASER_EXIT_PIN, INPUT); pinMode(LDR_EXIT_PIN, INPUT);

// Servo initialization
servoSort1.attach(SERVO_SORT1_PIN);
servoSort2.attach(SERVO_SORT2_PIN);

// Color sensor initialization
if (tcs.begin()) {
    Serial.println("TCS34725 sensor detected!");
}

Serial.begin(9600);

}

void loop() { // Entry presence detection if (detectEntryPresence()) { activateConveyor();

    // Color detection
    String color = detectColor();
    sortObject(color);
    
    // Data transmission
    sendData(color, "RUNNING");
}

// Exit presence detection
if (detectExitPresence()) {
    stopConveyor();
    sendData("NONE", "STOPPED");
}

}

Error management

Error cases

No object detected
Color detection error
Atypical or non-compliant objects
Sensor hardware failure

Solutions

Validation on multiple measurements
Special "error" sorting bin
Adaptive detection thresholds
Emergency stop and alerts

Web interface

Dashboard presentation

The web interface developed with HTML, CSS, JavaScript and Bootstrap offers a modern, fluid and responsive user experience for real-time supervision of sorting operations.

Technologies used

Frontend : HTML5, CSS3, JavaScript, Bootstrap
Backend: Firebase (Realtime Database)
Communication: WebSocket, REST API
Microcontroller: ESP8266 + Arduino

Main features

Real-time counter display
Sorting statistics visualization
User and access management
Data export for analysis

Firebase integration

Firebase provides a complete platform for real-time synchronization between the microcontroller and the web interface, ensuring instant data updates.

JavaScript – Firebase connection

javascript

// Firebase Configuration
const firebaseConfig = {
    apiKey: "your-api-key",
    authDomain: "your-project.firebaseapp.com",
    databaseURL: "https://your-project.firebaseio.com",
    projectId: "your-project",
    storageBucket: "your-project.appspot.com",
    messagingSenderId: "123456789",
    appId: "your-app-id"
};

// Initialization
const app = firebase.initializeApp(firebaseConfig);
const db = firebase.database();

// Real-time change listening
db.ref('counters').on('value', (snapshot) => {
    const data = snapshot.val();
    updateDashboard(data);
});

function updateDashboard(data) {
    // Interface update
    document.getElementById('counter-red').textContent = data.red || 0;
    document.getElementById('counter-green').textContent = data.green || 0;
    document.getElementById('counter-blue').textContent = data.blue || 0;
    document.getElementById('counter-yellow').textContent = data.yellow || 0;
}

Conclusion and Perspectives

Summary

This intelligent conveyor project has demonstrated the feasibility of automated, reliable and connected waste sorting. The integration of modern technologies has enabled the creation of a complete solution meeting industrial and environmental challenges.

Final Test – Computer Science

IT Documentation – Intelligent Conveyor System

Introduction

Context

Vision and perspectives

Documentation approach

System description

General presentation

Sequence diagram – System operation

System objectives

System advantages

Intelligent detection

Color detection with TCS34725

Arduino – Color detection with TCS34725

Presence detection with KY-008 + LDR

Arduino – Presence detection

Conveyor automation

Error management

Error cases

Solutions

Web interface

Dashboard presentation

Technologies used

Main features

Firebase integration

JavaScript – Firebase connection

Conclusion and Perspectives

Summary

Future developments

Technical improvements

Future applications

Final Test – Computer Science ​

IT Documentation – Intelligent Conveyor System ​

Introduction ​

Context ​

Vision and perspectives ​

Documentation approach ​

System description ​

General presentation ​

Sequence diagram – System operation ​

System objectives ​

System advantages ​

Intelligent detection ​

Color detection with TCS34725 ​

Arduino – Color detection with TCS34725 ​

Presence detection with KY-008 + LDR ​

Arduino – Presence detection ​

Conveyor automation ​

Error management ​

Error cases ​

Solutions ​

Web interface ​

Dashboard presentation ​

Technologies used ​

Main features ​

Firebase integration ​

JavaScript – Firebase connection ​

Conclusion and Perspectives ​

Summary ​

Future developments ​

Technical improvements ​

Future applications ​

Final Test – Computer Science

IT Documentation – Intelligent Conveyor System

Introduction

Context

Vision and perspectives

Documentation approach

System description

General presentation

Sequence diagram – System operation

System objectives

System advantages

Intelligent detection

Color detection with TCS34725

Arduino – Color detection with TCS34725

Presence detection with KY-008 + LDR

Arduino – Presence detection

Conveyor automation

Error management

Error cases

Solutions

Web interface

Dashboard presentation

Technologies used

Main features

Firebase integration

JavaScript – Firebase connection

Conclusion and Perspectives

Summary

Future developments

Technical improvements

Future applications